Marketing plan as the main part of the business strategy Essay

Marketing plan as the main part of the business strategy - Essay Example Markets and products have become extremely fragmented. There are hundreds of special-interest magazines, for example, each targeted to a very specific market segment. It's the same with restaurants, cars and retail clothing stores, just to name a few industries. Positioning your product competitively requires an understanding of this fragmented market. Not only must you be able to describe your product, you must also be able to describe your competitor's product and show why yours is better. Positioning your product involves two steps. First, analyze your product's features, and decide how they differentiate your product from its competitors. Second, decide what type of buyer is most likely to purchase your product. Pricing and placement are critical to competitive positioning. In today's marketing culture, pricing cannot be separated from the product. Take grocery stores, for example. The full-service supermarket is still the most popular form of grocery distribution. But today, busy families want faster service and more convenience, even if it means higher prices. As a result, convenience stores, home delivery services, personal shoppers and takeout restaurants have proliferated. At the same time, warehouse grocery retailing has also increased. Warehouse stores cater to customers who prefer low prices to convenience. Describe your target customer. Developing a profile of your target customer is the second step in an effective marketing plan. You can describe customers in terms of demographics-age, sex, family composition, earnings and geographical location-as well as lifestyle. Ask: Are my customers conservative or innovative Leaders or followers Timid or aggressive Traditional or modern Introverted or extroverted How often do they purchase what I offer How much of it at a time Are there peak buying periods or times of the year when people won't buy my product or service Conclusion The simple truth is that the type of ad that pays off immediately will work less and less well the longer you keep running it. And the ad that will make customers think of you immediately when they need what you sell (true branding) usually doesn't begin showing any encouraging results for at least some weeks. These are the ads that will work better and better the longer you keep running them. But most advertisers will cancel these ads after some weeks. The thing to remember when developing your marketing plan is that you're not looking for what works. Every type of advertising works to one degree or another. What you're looking for is the best long-term use of your ad budget. Then you have to develop an advertising message within your marketing plan. The questions you're trying to answer are these: "What do we need to say to the customer and how often do we need to say it And which media will give us the most efficient long-term

Are Public Protests in Public Places Effective Ways of Bringing Change Essay

Are Public Protests in Public Places Effective Ways of Bringing Change - Essay Example It was the largest ever seen demonstration in the capital that attracted over 250,000 people and one of the first to have extensive television coverage. The Cairo’s Tahrir Square, which was a protest against the country’s leadership, that is, revolution against former President Hosni Mubarak and his regime. The two events are memorable as they have some similarities and differences depicting the nature of public protests in the past and recent years. The two events being the best examples of public protest, indicating that public protest in public places can be an effective way of bringing change to the people. The atmosphere and conditions that led to the protest of Civil Rights March (Washington DC 1963) started way back in 1950s and 1960s where the civil rights movement in the United States was for political, legal, and social struggle to gain citizenship rights for black Americans and to achieve equality. A racial unrest of civil demonstrations was sparked off by th e police action in Birmingham, Alabama that had media coverage showing how dogs and fire horses were turned against protestors who were still young in their early teens (ABC, 2005). In The Tahrir Square (Cairo 2011) protest, around the year 2005 and 2006 after the re-election of Mubarak opposition started to demand for political changes. The protests were however, started because of a June 2010 incident in which a young man Khaled Said was allegedly beaten by police. This is the same period that there was unrest in Tunisia and protests in Egypt has been linked to this protest too. The high levels of unemployment of black people, the persistence racial segregation, the poor and minimal wages at their jobs, the disenfranchisement of many African Americans, and the slow or lack of any meaningful reforms by earlier protests led to this march of 1963. This led to demands for the passage of a meaningful and comprehensive civil rights legislation, the protection against police brutality on the protestors, and the ending of cultural separation in public schools. Further, it led to enactment of laws that prohibits racial unfairness in public and private hiring, a major program for public-works to provide jobs for the black Americans, a 2 dollar an hour minimum wage, and the call for a self government for the District of Columbia which had a black majority (Anheier, 2004). In the 2011 Egyptian protests, it were mainly for political and legal issues including; the main issue being the end of President Hosni Mubarak’s regime, uncontrolled corruption, lack of freedom of speech and free elections, economical issues including high unemployment, police brutality, food price inflation, state of emergency laws, and low minimum wages. More than 250,000 demonstrators descended upon the nation’s capital to participate in the march of Washington for â€Å"Jobs and Freedom† on August 28, 1963. The protest began with a rally at Washington Monument where several c elebrities and musicians performed and the protests became a collective celebration too. This was one of the largest demonstrations by various civil rights organizations in United States showing their unity in agitation for Jobs and freedom. The participants went from National Mall to the Memorial which was a mile long away. At the Lincoln Memorial, there was a three-hour long program, which included speeches from prominent civil rights and religious leaders. The two outstanding speeches came from came from John Lewis and Martin Luther King, Jr. The march was

Effect of Fixtures on Deformation and Warpage

Effect of Fixtures on Deformation and Warpage

Before you were mine by Carol Ann Duffy Essay -- English Literature

Before you were mine by Carol Ann Duffy Before you were mine ==================== 'Before you were mine' is a poem written by Carol Ann Duffy. It’s a retrospective poignant dramatic monologue, which tells us about her mother's life ten years before Duffy was born. The title suggests that it's a love poem which shows the strong mother and daughter relationship that they had. The poem starts off with a positive image. "†¦laugh on with your pals Maggie McGeeney and Jean Duff†¦". This shows us that before her mother had children, she was living a very interesting and cheerful life. Duffy moves on by describing her mother's romantic character. "†¦the fizzy, movie tomorrows†¦". The fact that her mother used to go to the movies late at night suggests that she used to go with a lover, which is a very passionate image. However, she also had a disobedient side to her "†¦your Ma stands at the close with a hiding for the late one†¦". This shows that Duffy's mother used to come home late at night and used to get beaten by her mother, which portrays her rebellious nature. Duffy says...

A Study into the Curriculum Development Process

In the yesteryear, course of study development commissions were typically composed of the instructors with expertness in the content country who were asked to make range and sequence paperss and to propose texts and other resources for acceptance by school territories. Our apprehension of course of study development has changed. The procedure is now viewed as an chance to develop understanding and ownership by the participants, and therefore course of study development commissions include members of all parties with involvements in the educational system. Identifying and sequencing the content can hold a more positive consequence on pupil accomplishment when it is combined with effectual instructional and assessment schemes every bit good as a supportive school environment. Therefore, the occupation of course of study development commissions is more extended than in the yesteryear. Curriculum development commissions must research effectual patterns in order to back up school environm ents that offer rich and varied acquisition experiences. They must reexamine policies and behaviours that foster community engagement and just chances for all. They must see professional development activities to back up the content, direction, and assessment outlooks. The outlooks of course of study development commissions cross some boundaries into what were antecedently defined as administrative functions. While some course of study development commissions might non hold the clip, resources, or power to presume all of these functions, they can see the importance of each of the issues raised in this papers and delegate related duties to others who can consequence these alterations.PremisesA quality course of study development procedure addresses what pupils should cognize, be able to make, and be committed to ( content ) , how it is taught ( direction ) , how it is measured ( appraisal ) , and how the educational system is organized ( context ) . Every facet of course of study development should pattern inclusive, learner-centered direction. In other words, territory course of study development commission meetings and territory professional development should mirror best instruction patterns. Curriculum development, direction, and appraisal should be unfastened, just procedures. Everyone involved must cognize the intents for every activity, the stuffs or procedures to be used, the definition of success, and the effects of failure. The end should be to promote persons to be independent, yet join forces efficaciously ; be self-evaluative yet take others ‘ perceptual experiences into history ; be rapacious scholars, yet commit themselves to a balanced instruction. Curriculum development should reflect the fact that pupils learn better when subjects and constructs are tied together through interdisciplinary course of study and thematic direction. Curriculum for educating and measuring immature kids should follow early childhood instruction guidelines and include engagement of parents and the early childhood community. The course of study development procedure must presume that pupils develop at different times ; degrees or phases must be looked at as scopes instead than specific class degrees or single-age classs. Educational answerability means that the territory has a clear statement of criterions and outlooks for pupils, instructors, instructional Plutos, parents, territory functionaries, and all others who participate in the peculiar instruction community. Both criterions and appraisals must be known and believable to the full community. Standards must be evaluated by a assortment of appraisals. Any rating procedure must place the measuring yardsticks ( procedures, instruments ) , the intents for measurement, the measuring points or forms, and the effects of meeting or non run intoing the stated outlooks. Professional development should be provided for the course of study development commission and, when implementing the new course of study, instructors and staff besides need professional development. A important investing in professional development must be an built-in portion of any course of study development procedure. The educational constructions must be flexible to let for the integrating of course of study across the subjects in instances where such integrating would better motive of the pupils and relevancy of the content. These premises must take to rethinking the conventional construction and agenda of schools in footings of school twenty-four hours, school twelvemonth, class degrees, capable countries, graduation demands, pupil grouping, and physical works. ( Chip McMillian )Te WhA?rikiTe WhA?riki is the Ministry of Education ‘s early childhood course of study policy statement. Te WhA?riki is a model for supplying tamariki/children ‘s early acquisition and development within a sociocultural context. It emphasises the larning partnership between kaiako/teachers, parents, and whA?nau/families. Kaiako/teachers weave an holistic course of study in response to tamariki/children ‘s acquisition and development in the early childhood scene and the wider context of the kid ‘s universe. This course of study is founded on the undermentioned aspirations for kids: to turn up as competent and confident scholars and communicators, healthy in head, organic structure, and spirit, secure in their sense of belonging and in the cognition that they make a valued part to society.This course of study defines how to accomplish advancement towards this vision for scholars in early childhood acquisition environments. It is about the single kid. Its get downing point is the scholar and the cognition, accomplishments, and attitudes that the kid brings to their experiences. The course of study is besides approximately early childhood scenes. Learning Begins at place, and early childhood programmes outside the kid ‘s ain place drama a important function in widening early acquisition and in puting the foundations for successful hereafter acquisition. Each community to which a kid belongs, whether it is a household place or an early childhood puting outside the place, provides chances for new acquisition to be fostered: for kids to reflect on alternate ways of making things ; do connexions across clip and topographic point ; set up different sorts of relationship ; and meet different points of position. These experiences enrich kids ‘s lives and supply them with the cognition, accomplishments, and temperaments they need to undertake new challenges. This is an early childhood course of study specifically designed for kids from the clip of birth to school entry, and it provides links to larning in school scenes. The larning environment in the early childhood old ages is different from that in the school sector. This acquisition environment, the restraints of age, and the particular nature of the early childhood old ages are elaborated on in this course of study. This course of study emphasises the critical function of socially and culturally mediated acquisition and of mutual and antiphonal relationships for kids with people, topographic points, and things. Children learn through coaction with grownups and equals, through guided engagement and observation of others, every bit good as through single geographic expedition and contemplation. This is a course of study for early childhood attention and instruction in New Zealand. In early childhood instruction scenes, all kids should be given the chance to develop cognition and an apprehension of the cultural heritages of both spouses to Te Tiriti o Waitangi. The course of study reflects this partnership in text and construction. ( Education )Research in course of study designIn general there are criterions set by regulating organic structures to guarantee that all kids get the same instruction. This includes when kids should get down larning certain constructs like generation, and at what ages they should hold a specified reading ability. Those who work on course of study design on a regular basis reexamine these criterions to do certain that they can be met, and do accommodations when necessary. Course of study interior decorators besides consider the pupils, and what types of course of study is best for their demands. This can be a hard accomplishment since pupils in most schools come from a scope of cultural and economic backgrounds. Teaching methods may be different depending on the basic make-up of the pupil organic structure, as some methods are more appropriate for certain types of pupils than others. A truly professional and experient course of study interior decorator will take these points into consideration. One besides has to believe about restrictions when be aftering new course of study. Restrictions include budget, clip, and pupil ‘s abilities. For illustration, non many schools could afford to take all their pupils to historical museums, but the parent of a place schooled kid may. Additionally, some constructs taught in a big school environment may hold to be broken into smaller pieces in order to give the instructor clip to cover the subject with his or her category. When topics are covered excessively fast many kids may non hold clip to absorb the information before new information is introduced. ( schools ) Curiculum design at — — — — – decidedly involves a research based attack. It has been identified that The grownups and instructors who work in the early childhood environment mostly construct the ‘language ‘ of the environment so it is of import that pedagogues understand this linguistic communication. It is our belief that a quality environment responds to the 100 linguistic communications of kids identified by Loris Malaguzzi ( pedagogist manager of the diary ‘Bambini ‘ and a cardinal figure in the development and publicity of the Reggio Emilia early childhood Centres ) in his verse form The 100 linguistic communications of kids. 3 The early childhood environment demands to state to childrenaˆÂ ¦ Yes! This is a topographic point for singing and understanding, a topographic point to detect, to contrive and to woolgather, a topographic point for listening and marvelling. We ‘ve identified three cardinal facets to any early childhoodenvironment as the physical environment, the interactive environment ( societal interactions within the environment ) and the temporal environment ( routines/time ) . However this paper merely attempts to analyze two cardinal countries of the physical environment – administration and aesthetics. We consider that these two key countries contribute significantly to the messages and cues given to kids by the environment ( If the environment is the 3rd instructor what linguistic communication does she talk? )Teachers PhilisophyFor a instructor pupils aretheir chief precedence and they are cognizant that each of them has different degree of proficiency when it comes to larning. They believe that by making a student-centred acquisition, their pupils will be able to take charge of their ain acquisition with small aid from the instructor. This will instill a sense of duty in them in footings of accomplishing their acq uisition end. As a instructor, one of their functions would be to train and ease them throughout the acquisition procedure by supplying information and giving utile guidelines in order for them to accomplish their acquisition mark. By being more resourceful, Teachers will be able to accomplish complacency and success in learning. Teachers ae normally unfastened to new thoughts and suggestions therefore they would wish to be more involved in educational activities, attend educational negotiations and take part in forums or conferences to farther spread out my cognition. Furthermore, being up-to-date with the latest information, maintaining in touch with planetary issues and acquiring their custodies on the latest engineering are some of the ways for me to better themselves. It is besides said, Teachers could integrate engineering into schoolroom pattern because, knowledge-wise, instructors should be at least two or three stairss in front of their pupils. Therefore I have to be well-prepared for every lesson by be aftering their clip and stuffs expeditiously to guarantee that a successful lesson takes topographic point. . Therefore based on the above it is apparent that course of study design is based on a instru ctors doctrine. At Te WhA?riki a similar doctrine is followed. ( Jamil, 209 ) A major influence on our thought has been the work of early childhood pedagogues from Reggio Emilia. We are interested in how the theoretical underpinnings of their attack has manifested in New Zealand and other Western states. The influence Reggio Emilia programmes have had on early childhood pedagogues ‘ believing – in the design of educational equipment, usage of coloring material, infinite and lighting in early childhood Centres, and the turning consciousness of the importance of aesthetics in educational environments, reinforces our ain belief that the Arts and aesthetics instruction are built-in to developing quality early childhood programmes. We have titled this paper ‘If the environment is the 3rd instructor what linguistic communication does she talk? ‘ because we believe the early childhood environment gives kids of import messages and cues. In other words, the environment ‘speaks ‘ to kids – about what they can make, how and where they can make it and how they can work together. â€Å" What is in a infinite, a room or a pace, and how it is arranged can impact the behavior of people ; it can do it easier to move in certain sorts of ways, harder to move in others. We do n't normally believe to take out a deck of cards at a dinner tabular array set for six, even though the figure and agreement suggest a fire hook game. The whole scene gives us prompt about expected behavior, and by and large we do what we have been invited to doaˆÂ ¦in a similar manner, peculiar scenes invite kids to affect themselves in peculiar activities, and the extent ofchildren ‘s constructive engagement i n the activity will depend in big portion on how good certain concrete, mensurable facets of the environing physical infinite run into their â€Å" hungriness, attitudes and interestsaˆÂ ¦ † ( Education )

Denim Finishing Company Case Essay

Mrs. Kelsey Bowser using the ABC method decided to use the number of garments as the cost driver of the change-over costs. Nevertheless, I argue that this was not the best possible choice. I will try to defend my point using the following example. Let’s assume that Guess Who Jeans demands 600, not 500 garments per shipment. Although the number of garments changes, the total change-over costs would stay the same, because no additional retooling of the machine would be necessary. The whole change-over process takes 3 hours regarding if the number of garments is 200, 500 or 800. Furthermore, let’s strictly theoretically assume that the company is able to achieve some extra capacity and one batch is now composed of 150 garments instead of 100 garments. Still, although the total number of garments would vastly increase, the change-over costs would be altered only partially. The opportunity cost measured as a lost contribution margin would slightly increase, but the out-of-po cket costs would stay the same, as the wages of the employees and supplies costs will not change. Thus, it is clear that the number of garments is not the proper cost driver for the change-over costs. In my opinion the number of shipments would be a much better cost driver for the change-over costs. Regarding the number of garments or the number of batches Guess Who Jeans demands every shipment requires the change-over costs to be incurred twice. For instance, if 99 shipments were made, the total change-over costs would equal $351 * 198 = $69,498, because two change-overs ($702) would not have to be undertaken. Thus, the number of shipments clearly drives the analyzed costs. Unlikely the previous example with the number of garments per batch increasing to 150, the number of shipments fully ‘drives’ the change-over costs. Every time the number of shipments rises or falls, the change-over costs change by the full amount of the two per-changeover costs which properly reflect the real situation. Using such a cost driver may be problematic when the allocation of the chang e-over costs is analyzed. Nevertheless, I argue that those cost should be solely allocated to the propriety denim finishing. The demand for the stonewashing services exceeds the company’s capacity. Thus, if the Guess Who Jeans’ offer was declined, the company would use the whole capacity for stonewashing. However, if the offer was accepted the stonewashing processes would be somehow ‘interrupted’ by the propriety denim finishing. Each ‘interruption’, and therefore each shipment would require incurring the change-over costs twice. No factor connected with stonewashing ‘drives’ those costs. Regarding the number of batches or garments used in the stonewashing process each shipment necessitates the cost of $702. Therefore, I believe this cost should be associated with every shipment done by Guess Who Jeans. In Appendix A I present the product profitability analysis using the number of shipment as the cost driver. Moreover, Mrs. Kelsey Bowser claims that the change-over costs should be treated as product-sustaining costs. Nevertheless, I believe her opinion is wrong. I believe these costs should be on the batch level in the cost hierarchy. Hence, I believe the initial analysis undertaken by Mrs. Bowser was correct, although the cost driver she selected was improper. Product-sustaining level costs could be defined as ‘activities that are needed to support an entire product line but are not performed every time a new unit or batch of products is produced’ [Hilton 2010]. Although the first part of the definition applies to the change-over costs, it is clearly not the case when the second part of the definition is concerned. The change-over costs have to be incurred every time the shipments is delivered and the propriety denim finishing has to be done. Therefore, I believe these costs should be rather placed as the batch-level costs in the cost hierarchy. Batch-level costs are believed to ‘arise from activities performed once for each batch or lot of products’ [Zimmerman 2011]. Since the change-over costs need to be incurred every shipment, placing them at this level in the hierarchy seems reasonable. 2. It is clear that before accepting the proposal several nonfinancial issues have to be considered in order to make a reasonable decision. First, the management should think how accepting the Gues Who offer would affect the relations with the other clients. Since Guess Who requires the Denim Finishing Company not to offer the particular type of finish to other customers, it is very likely that relations with other firms will worsen. The Denim Finishing Company has been cooperating with many companies for a long time. Therefore, those companies may dislike the fact that the new client receives the special treatment, while such benefits could not be observed in their case, even though they have been the customers for ages. Consequently, the Denim Finishing Company’s reputation may shrink and furthermore the firm may lose some of its customers that it had long term relations established with. Accepting the Guess Who offer, as mentioned before, would require the Denim Finishing Company to offer the certain time of finish exclusively to Guess Who. Hence, the firm would be prohibited from providing other companies with this service. Before making the decision it should be analyzed if that could lead to potential losses in the future. For instance, although cooperating with Guess Who may be beneficial, the potential gains from offering that type of finish to other clients could be higher. If so, the Denim Finishing Company should rather provide the service to other firms. Naturally, before making such a decision it has to be determined if other firms would require the Denim Finishing Company to offer the service exclusively to them, like it is the case for Guess Who. Offering exclusive service to one company may result in other companies’ (not only potential clients as mentioned in the previous paragraph, but also current ones) demands for exclusive treatment. If other clients, especially those who have been cooperating with the Denim Finishing Company for a long time, realize that it is possible to receive such a special treatment, they would likely claim for it too, as it could give them a competitive advantage over other firms in their industry. Thus, the Denim Finishing Company would undoubtedly face a big problem. It theoretically could increase the prices for the firms that demand exclusive service, but it could lead to losing those clients. Accepting or declining the Guess Who offer may also result in potential conflicts within the firm that have to be considered. For instance, Bruce Farrand who is against the offer may be so determined in defending his point of view that if the offer is accepted, he will decide to terminate his employment. However, he might be so valuable for the company that the gains from the cooperation with Guess Who would not compensate for the value added by Mr. Farrand. Moreover, some other conflicts could arise in the company after deciding either. Before making the decision it would also be recommended to analyze the potential influence the service offered to Guess Who could have on the machine. Since providing the finish would require constant and often retooling of the machine, it could negatively affect the lifetime of the machine. What is more, it is possible that the quality of services done by the machine would shrink because of those often changes. Hence, the satisfaction among clients could diminish and the high cost of purchasing new machine would have to be incurred soon. It also cannot be forgotten that the current demand exceeds the firm’s capacity and some of its clients already use services provided by other companies. Thus, if the Denim Finishing Company’s has even less time for stonewashing, these clients can shift to competitors. Finally, it should be estimated what potential nonfinancial benefits could cooperating with Guess Who bring to the Denim Finishing Company. Guess Who is considered to be a company that offers innovative and premium products. Thus, being an important business partner of such a firm could have a positive impact on the Denim Finishing Company’s reputation. Consequently, it could attract new clients and encourage more companies to cooperate with the Denim Finishing Company. Moreover, successful cooperation with Guess Who Jeans could lead to extending the business relations with that company. For instance, it could outsource more of its production to the Denim Finishing Company. 3. If I were Tom Corcoran, I would undoubtedly have a few questions for the controller. First, I would ask about all the problems mentioned in the two previous questions. As mentioned before, I believe that Mrs. Bowser did not place the change-over costs at the right level in the cost hierarchy. Hence, I would like to get to know why she decided to treat them as product-sustaining costs, while there are a lot of arguments supporting the idea to treat them as batch-level costs. Furthermore, the cost driver chosen by Mrs. Bowser is highly doubtful. I would require the explanation how and to what extent in her opinion the number of garments ‘drives’ the change-over costs. Since I believe the number of garments is not the right cost driver, I would ask Mrs. Bowser for some other type of profitability analysis, such as the analysis presented in Appendix A. The analysis presented at the meeting by the controller could be misleading. Both Exhibit 3 and Exhibit 4 present data that is in my opinion inaccurate. Moreover, as it was analyzed in the second question accepting or declining the offer could lead to multiple nonfinancial outcomes that may play a significant role on the company’s profitability. Hence, I would ask if such factors have been analyzed and if so, what possible impact they may have. I also believe that Tom Corcoran would be most interested in the total profit his company would have under both scenarios. Analyses presented at the meeting, as valuable as they might be, do not contain such information. For instance, they do not include the facility-sustaining costs that the Denim Finishing Company has to incur. Hence, it would be recommended to present Tom Corcoran with the yearly profit the firm may earn. Moreover, I would ask Mrs. Bowser about the accuracy of her assumptions in Exhibit 4. She estimates that the costs of the proprietary process, as well as the price paid by Guess Who Jeans wi ll not change during the year. However, it may not necessarily be the case. The analysis relies on historical costs that may not be appropriate for the future estimations. Thus, I would like to know if Mrs. Bowser took that aspect into account. Another question would regard the overhead rates of the batch- and unit-level costs. The rates were estimated when only stonewashing was done. However, accepting the offer from Guess Who Jeans would require retaining from using the machine for 600 hours. This could likely result in different overhead costs and consequently different overhead rates. The batch-level utility cost can be particularly problematic. It is ‘driven’ by the machine hours and as previously mentioned the machine is not used for 3 hours before and 3 hours after the shipment. Furthermore, the case makes it unclear whether drying is also performed by the Unit #4. The per-garment utilities cost includes 3 hours for washing and 3 hours for drying. However, when the change-over is undertaken, the washing is not performed, because the machine cannot be used. Therefore, during the change-over the utilities cost is possibly lower. This is especially important for the opportunity cost analysis. Since the case is lacking information explaining the problem, if I were Tom Corcoran I would like to clarify it. Finally, I strongly believe that it would also be necessary to ask Mrs. Bowser about the facility-sustaining costs. Such costs are ignored in the controller’s analysis. Nevertheless, they still affect the company’s profitability. Hence, I would like to get to know how big those costs are. Moreover, the facility-sustaining costs could also be somehow influenced by the possible cooperation with Guess Who Jeans. For instance, the security or insurance costs could rise, since the service is supposed to be offered exclusively to that particular client. Therefore, the analysis of the capacity-sustaining costs would also be useful. To sum up, if I were Tom Corcoran I would have many doubts about the controller’s analysis. I would probably ask her to prepare yet another presentation that includes my suggestions. However, if I were to make the decision, I probably would accept the Guess Who Jeans’ offer. The analysis in the Appendix A, although it does not include nonfinancial factors and may not properly reflect all the costs, clearly shows that such a scenario leads to increased profits. 4. Activity-based costing is undoubtedly a useful tool that could help the management to make the optimal decision. It is much more accurate that the traditional costing systems. Distinguishing various activities and determining cost drivers relating to them helps to more precisely allocate the costs. Using one cost driver for all the amount of the overhead could create the situation where the indirect costs are not really ‘driven’ by the particular cost. For instance, although direct labor hours might to some extent determine the value of the overhead, the influence may only be partial, especially regarding certain products. Using various cost drivers for various activities largely eliminates this problem. What is more, selecting particular cost drivers for respective activities enables ‘taxing’ certain activities. This internal tax system gives an incentive to reduce certain costs and therefore improve the company’s efficiency. For instance, if machine labor hours are chosen as a driver for the production activity there is an impulse to lower the number of machine labor hours which consequently results in decreased value of overhead, lower costs and higher profits. Under Activity-Based Costing the share of costs allocated directly to the products increases. Thus, the company better understand where its overhead costs go to. It enables the firm to identify the products that are not profitable and undertake relevant actions, such as decreasing costs, raising the price or withdrawing the product. However, the cost hierarchy helps to make such decision regarding not only particular products, but also batches and product lines. This undoubtedly allows making decisions that are more profit-maximizing. Moreover, in the ABC the practical capacity is used. Therefore, it is possible to determine the unused capacity. Diminishing the unused capacity is definitely helpful in maximizing the profits of the company. Hence, Activity-Based Costing provides the management with the information necessary to make optimal decisions. To compare, the traditional costing systems do not give such a possibility. However, the ABC method also has some flaws that may result in making a non-optimal production decision. Some of those disadvantages could be observed in the previous questions. First, the system is believed to be complicated. As noticeable in the first question choosing the proper cost driver for the particular activity might be problematic. Selecting the wrong driver could lead to biased results and consequently the decision that is not profit-maximizing. Furthermore, trying to maintain the cost hierarchy may also be difficult, as shown in the example of Mrs. Bowser from the Denim Finish Company. The results when the costs were determined as the batch-level where completely different than when they were analyzed to be product-level. Thus, such easily made mistakes could result in a non-optimal decision. Furthermore, as it could be seen in the second question Activity-Based Costing does not include any nonfinancial measures. Thus, even though pure financial values may show that a particular decision is profit-maximizing, it might not necessarily be the case. Other factors, such as e.g. loss of reputation could actually result in decreased profits. Finally, the ABC method requires gathering data from the whole company, often through interviews. Hence, there is a relatively big possibility that collected data is not perfectly accurate. To sum up, the Activity-Based Costing method is quite reliable tool in making optimal production decisions, especially compared to the traditional costing systems. However, the system has to be carefully planned and implemented, because any mistakes could lead to inaccurate results. Choosing the wrong cost driver and improper assignment of the costs in the cost hierarchy may result in undesired errors. Furthermore, as useful as the ABC is, the management cannot rely solely on financial values provided by the method. Before making the decision all nonfinancial factors have to be considered. Only such a consideration combined with the information supplied by the properly designed and applied Activity-Based Costing system can lead to the optimal production decision. 5. The marginal costing analysis may undoubtedly be a useful tool in making an optimal decision. However, it has to be used carefully, because some of its suggestions may be misleading. This could also be observed in the analysis presented by Mrs. Bowser. The concerns are somehow parallel to the questions raised before. First, the marginal costing analysis does not include any nonfinancial factors. Hence, although the particular activity may seem profitable, it might not necessary be true. Second, the analysis is based on the historical, not the actual costs. The actual costs and price that Guess Who Jeans would be required to pay may differ over the time. Similarly, the application of the overhead depends on the estimates rather than the actual values. Thus, over or underabsorption may happen. Moreover, as mentioned before, after accepting the offer the overhead rates could change. Thus, the costs provided by the controller in the analysis might be inaccurate. As pointed out in the previous question the case is lacking the information about the possible decrease in the utilities costs during the change-overs. If that was true, the opportunity cost associated with the lost contribution margin on sales of 70,000 stonewashed garments would considerably increase. Considerably, the incremental profit from accepting the new offer would diminish. Another problem with Mrs. Bowser’s analysis, as well as with all the marginal costing analyses is that they do not include the costs that do not change with the unit volume. However, such costs could also influence the decision. Although the analysis presented by the controller shows that accepting the offer would be highly profitable, the figures would not look so vastly appealing if the amount of capacity-sustaining overhead was included in the Exhibit. Furthermore, the presented analysis is only a short-term one. Nevertheless, before making a strategic management the management also has to cons ider the long-term perspective. The analysis shows that in the certain year the incremental profits from accepting the Guess Who Jeans’ offer would equal some particular value. The analysis only includes one year though. In the following years the profits could be lower and thus declining the offer could actually be a better decision. For instance, imagine that Guess Who Jeans needs the propriety denim finishing services for its new products that are just to be introduced to the market. The client may expect the high demand for the new product in the first year. However, in the following years the demand for the product, and consequently for the Denim Finishing Company’s services may shrink. Finally, the marginal costing analysis includes only one-case scenario. It assumes that the projected and the actual number of shipments will be equal. However, it is not certain if that will happen. If some unexpected events happen the marginal costing analysis will not properly reflect the real situation. It cannot be forgotten that the marginal costing analysis is a simple and straightforward tool that can support the decision making. It is particularly useful when two products or divisions are to be compared. Moreover, it can give the management the basis for analyzing the opportunity cost of declining the Guess Who Jeans’ offer. However, the marginal costing analysis should be used carefully. I believe it should be treated as a supportive instrument for decision making rather than the major source of information. Hence, if the controller alter a few things, the analysis could help to make the optimal, profit-maximizing decision.

Free Essays on Hairy Ape

The Hairy Ape Throughout â€Å"The Hairy Ape† Eugene O’Neill manages to incorporate three very different elements into the play write. Each of these elements, expressionism, realism, and symbolism are sometimes combined as one, or expressed alone to place more emphasis on a particular event. Realism can be seen in many scenes throughout the play, but especially the aspect of the industrialization of the workers. All of these men are almost seen as programmed to do their job, with out showing many emotions and also lacking much thought, like an â€Å"ape†. This was a very realistic approach in objectifying their common, average, everyday routine. None of these men are required to have much thought, but purely a strong caliber for physical work. The firemen are at one point even said to be â€Å"ape† like, as Paddy is described â€Å"extremely monkey-like†. As these men work harder and longer, they are being stripped from reality and moving closer to a Neanderthal state of mine. It is easily seen as to what their class and status by their experiences. This type of depiction in the beginning of the play helps understand the reasoning for Yank actually becoming an â€Å"ape† in the Zoo. Expressionism and a little realism are represented by the societal classes. Mildred and Yank have very different lifestyles, although they both have concerns with their status. Mildred wants something more exciting, and even says at one point that she wants to basically touch â€Å"life†, and see what it has to offer beyond her very secluded manner. On the other hand Yank has felt that this â€Å"life† Mildred speaks of has been too much a part of his life, and he is seeking to overcome the structure of the classes. Yank finds â€Å"belonging† very important. These too very different views of life objectify the inner experiences of these two very different characters.... Free Essays on Hairy Ape Free Essays on Hairy Ape The Hairy Ape Throughout â€Å"The Hairy Ape† Eugene O’Neill manages to incorporate three very different elements into the play write. Each of these elements, expressionism, realism, and symbolism are sometimes combined as one, or expressed alone to place more emphasis on a particular event. Realism can be seen in many scenes throughout the play, but especially the aspect of the industrialization of the workers. All of these men are almost seen as programmed to do their job, with out showing many emotions and also lacking much thought, like an â€Å"ape†. This was a very realistic approach in objectifying their common, average, everyday routine. None of these men are required to have much thought, but purely a strong caliber for physical work. The firemen are at one point even said to be â€Å"ape† like, as Paddy is described â€Å"extremely monkey-like†. As these men work harder and longer, they are being stripped from reality and moving closer to a Neanderthal state of mine. It is easily seen as to what their class and status by their experiences. This type of depiction in the beginning of the play helps understand the reasoning for Yank actually becoming an â€Å"ape† in the Zoo. Expressionism and a little realism are represented by the societal classes. Mildred and Yank have very different lifestyles, although they both have concerns with their status. Mildred wants something more exciting, and even says at one point that she wants to basically touch â€Å"life†, and see what it has to offer beyond her very secluded manner. On the other hand Yank has felt that this â€Å"life† Mildred speaks of has been too much a part of his life, and he is seeking to overcome the structure of the classes. Yank finds â€Å"belonging† very important. These too very different views of life objectify the inner experiences of these two very different characters....

Peoples of the Tundra Essays

Peoples of the Tundra Essays Peoples of the Tundra Essay Peoples of the Tundra Essay The Dolman are primarily a Turkey speaking people, mostly residing In Shortcakes Kraal, Russia. A 2002 census shows there are 7,261 Dollars living In Kraal, with 26 Dollars counted as living In the Ukraine. The Dollars are mostly reindeer breeders, hunters, and fisherman; although some gardening is also found throughout their communities. The Nanas is the northernmost tribe, residing on the Tammany peninsula close to the Arctic Ocean. There were only 834 Nanas members counted in the same census. Historically, they are nomadic hunters and fishers, although reindeer herding Is also largely popular. A variety of methods for gathering data were used In the 12 months that Keller lived amongst these groups between 1994 and 1997. A vast amount of data was collected and presented on economical, ecological, and political situations among the Dolman and Nanas. Individual interviews and direct participation in the society daily activities gave an in depth accounting of these tribes. One of the four hallmarks of anthropology is participant observation, which allowed Kier to build lasting friendships and relationships with the people, gain their trust, and deeply understand their day to day lifestyles, family needs. ND deep rooted traditions. Directly participating gave the author first hand knowledge of how to survive in this limited, and how important it is to contribute to the hunting practices. This involvement explains in great detail how drastically cold, and harsh, northern Siberia can be, and how important sharing is in order to survive. Majority of anthropologists study groups to find how their goods are made and distributed. Both Dolman and Nanas depend mostly on meat and fish as the mall component of their diet. There are several types of hunts, with 38 hunts documented in the book. Caribou hunting provides the greatest amount of meat, and this type of hunt is performed on land and water. Hunters also set up and own their own trap nines for hunting Arctic Fox. There are also various types of fishing going on, which may or may not be incorporated Into the hunt of large game. Goose hunting is also popular during spring and summer. Both groups rely on gathering of berries and mushrooms, utilizing small plastic buckets to do so. The daily labor is divided fairly and equally between family members. The men are the primary owners of the hunting equipment and trap lines. Therefore, they maintain these and do the physical labor of hunting. Older men mostly participate in fishing closely to the village, while small boys will work along side the women and arils. The women are in charge of food preparation and the distribution of the meat. They utilize the kin selection model of food sharing by deciding how much to use Walton tenet Immediate Tamely, want Is Kept or glen away, Ana to whom It Is given. They also handle the finer butchering of the meat for preparing soups, ribs, etc. Another duty handled by the women is clothing. They are the seamstresses of the families, using animal pelts and furs to piece together garments. The intricate sewing and bodywork that is done can take up to several weeks to finish even one clothing item. The Dolman and Nanas believe that sharing the meat is a requirement of the Tundra itself. Others may come around asking for food, tolerated scrounging, and they are not to be turned away if there is anything to give. They believe if they dont share, they are being selfish, and the Tundra will no longer bless them with animals and good hunts in the future. Drying and smoking of excess meats are done outside, which signals to the neighbors that there is an excess available. The Russian government began setting up bread stores in 1822 in the district providing a supply of carbohydrates in the forms of breads and grains. These goods were sold for cash, or given by way of trade for other goods. This system of bread stores only further controlled the taxation process on the products they provided. Russia continues to provide these goods, but no longer through the stores. They now transport them directly to Siberia via helicopter, which is highly expensive. Therefore, the amounts and variety of products provided has been drastically reduced. So much so, that the amounts of bread product provided is not enough for everyone. Russian colonization and control of the Siberian Tundra region was highly inefficiency to those moving into the area, but devastating to those already living there. Siberian endured suffering at the hands of Russians two major armies, The White Army and the Red Army during the Russian Civil War. Many natives were forced into service of these armies, changing their way of life, forcibly converting them into workers for the state. Goods and services were still exchanged between, but only in designated areas, and handled with great care by both parties. Exchanges were never face to face, weapons were in hand, and goods were passed through windows or tossed back and forth. Nanas had rarely slaughtered their domesticated reindeer for personal consumption, but such an act was becoming more and more common during these times. Any abundance of reindeer, as deemed by the Russians, were confiscated and moved to collective areas. The Soviets wanted more and more control of the hunting and trading practices, as a way to further tax the Siberian people, so stronger regulations were put into place. Russia clearly stated an interest in the natural resources of the Tundra, primarily graphite, and moved to gain control of such. Native congresses were established by the Soviet Union, yet Siberian leaders, such as shamans and kulaks, were not allowed to sit on these congresses. Soon they outlawed the practice of shamanism altogether, and many shamans were arrested and executed. Practicing shamanism of any kind by the people was done only in secret. Around 1929, Stalin began moving non-native peasants from the south into the Siberian Tundra, adding further stress to the natives living there. These peasants had no way of caring for themselves, and how to survive the harsh climate was not knowledge they had. Therefore, the natives had to care for the newcomers, unable to o so themselves. A movement of resistance to this acclimatization was formed by ten Kulaks, or roll peasants, wanly was quickly eater Dye Russian military Walt mass bloodshed and war tactics. Native societies began to Join forces and make demands to the government publicly. Primarily they wanted no more factorization of the kulaks, who were essentially the elders of the communities. They asked for freedom from trapping, taxes, and freight transport as well. In response to these demands, more agents were sent to the Tundra to ensure reindeer purchasing and fur production were intact. Kulaks were also ordered to continue their orders or be brought to court. Many kulaks were arrested and killed during this time. It was widely known for Russian military to open fire on native meetings at any point. The biggest losses and changes to befall the Dolman and Nanas from around the sass to the sass was their loss of reindeer. The reindeer was mostly used for transportation, and now had either been purchased or confiscated by the government for use by the state. Shamans and kulaks were frequently executed, and their reindeer surrendered to the Soviet government. Collective farms were established, and the natives were moved into these areas and assigned housing. This forced acclimatization of the natives drastically changed their nomadic lifestyle, which brought about a widespread depression. Self-medication of this depression by use of alcohol was also becoming more common, as alcohol was more available. People had been moved and settled into marked communities and villages, had lost majority of their personal reindeer, and were mostly employed by state-run agencies. These were huge differences to their previous way of life. There was, however, more access to medical care now which had decreased the death rates f children and infants. The increasing access to alcohol has increased the death rates of working age adults. There is less and less hunting taking place to fulfill the government hunting plans, which provides more and more free time to the people in the communities. Dollars have more members in their group than the Gnashing, yet the death rate is higher due to alcohol abuse in the Nanas tribe. Nanas death rate in females is as high as it is in males, which is directly linked to the low birth rate. There are less females of age to have children, and this is showing in the constant decline in births every year. The adjustments the people were forced to make during the rise, and fall, of the socialist state brought about a great emotional depression, which led to alcohol abuse, and in turn, more depression. People were overlooking spending their money on purchasing necessities in order to buy alcohol. This puts a person, and their families, in a very tight position. The Dolman and Nanas tribes both have a vast history rich in shamanistic traditions. The definition of shaman is to know in an ecstatic manner. (pig 106) Shamans commonly practice contacting the deceased for answers to their questions ND guidance. The Soviet Union outlawed the practice of shamanism in the sass, although the traditions were still passed down in secret. Shamanism changed after the passing of the head of the family in 1996, although it still shapes much of the beliefs of people in this region. The Nanas use wooden statues, or idols, called kaka, to represent their ancestors. Although the Dolman are primarily Russian Orthodox, they also practice shamanism, Ana nave sass called sanitary . It Is Deliver Tanat Dye Tyler ten sanitary would bind the family together. Bad luck could come to the members of the family if Haitian wasnt cared for, and upon the death of a family member, only a shaman could unbind the assistant. Doctrines exist outlining these beliefs, and the taboos practiced. There are many stories about coexisting with nature and how to deal with things like fire. Fire is of utmost importance to the survival in this region. But people believe they must also care for the fire, in order to maintain the relationship. It is believed when a fire is crackling, or making noises, it is actually communicating. It could be delivering messages of good or bad, too much noise usually means bad, and would necessitate shamans interpretation to fully grasp the message. Women primarily care for the fire; therefore they are not to walk on ash under any circumstances. This would be considered highly disrespectful to fire, and could hinder their ability to reproduce. Bears are of high importance in both Dolman and Nanas teachings. They are believed to be relatives, or ancestral souls, and arent to be hunted or killed unless absolutely necessary. Even if a bear has to be killed for safety, or in self defense, the meat and fur is not used, and the bear is given a burial like another person of the family. Many of these taboos are referred to as sins. It is a sin not to cooperate, or share, in which the spirits of the ancestors could punish someone over committing one of these sins. If someone spoke badly of someone else, for example, it is believed something bad could happen to a member of that persons family, such as death or illness. By not sharing meat, the tundra could punish by not providing any more animals. The Soviets had taken control of many aspects of the lives of people in the Tundra for a great many years, primarily control of the hunting grounds. After the fall of the Russian soviet state, families continued use of the state controlled hunting grounds. In 1992, Boris Yielding attempted to protect and maintain Dolman and Nanas way of life, yet keeping control, by allowing families to own property through family/clan holdings. If the head off family chose to apply for this status, there would be no rent or property taxes, but taxes on any profits made would still be collected. Natives must have minimum five years hunting experience to lay claim on land, and non- natives must have ten years experience. If a family claimed hunting grounds, policies and procedures set for the by the state had to be followed. It almost becomes more f an expense to not only file the formal paperwork, but the expense to buy gas and equipment necessary to access and maintain deeper regions of the grounds. Almost a dozen forms have to be file, which can be overwhelming. The reality of the situation in Just Beam is that majority of families cant afford to hold a claim. The paperwork, plus the cost of traveling to Dunedin to file them, is too much for most. Some arent even sure if the concept of land claims is a good one, while others stay fairly busy hunting and arent interested in spending the time to work through the process of a claim. The hunting grounds directly around the collective settlements were considered common use grounds, as anyone was allowed to hunt there.

The Science Behind Milks White Color

The Science Behind Milk's White Color The short answer is that milk is white because it reflects all wavelengths of visible light. The mixture of reflected colors produces white light. The reason for this is due to the chemical composition of milk and the size of the particles contained within it.   Chemical Composition and Color Milk is about 87% water and 13% solids. It contains several molecules that dont absorb color, including the protein casein, calcium complexes, and fats. Although there are colored compounds in milk, they are not present in a high enough concentration to matter. The light scattering from the particles that make milk a colloid prevent much color absorption. Light scattering also accounts for why snow is white. The ivory or slight yellow color of some milk has two causes. First, the vitamin riboflavin in milk has a greenish yellow color. Second, the cows diet is a factor. A diet high in carotene (the pigment found in carrots and pumpkins) colors milk. Why Skim Milk Is Blue? Fat-free or skim milk has a bluish cast because of the Tyndall effect. There is less of ivory or white color because skim milk doesnt contain the large fat globules that would make it opaque. Casein makes up about 80% of the protein in milk. This protein scatters slightly more blue light than red. Also, carotene is a fat-soluble form of vitamin A that is lost when fat is skimmed, removing a source of yellow color. Summing It Up Milk isnt white because it contains molecules that have a white color, but because its particles scatter other colors so well. White is a special color formed when multiple wavelengths of light blend together.

Fossil Inc. clothing and accessorys Legal Structure Essay

Fossil Inc. clothing and accessorys Legal Structure - Essay Example a  partnership  ran by two or more people.  Also, another option is an incorporated company where business activities  are incorporated  into a company, which bestows  life  on business as a separate legal person (Mancuso 4). The Fossil inc. Clothing and Accessory is a  design, development, marketing and distribution, company that focuses on consumer products predicated on fashion and  value  such as sunglasses, watches, and leather goods among others, for retail sale on an international basis. Fossil Inc. is an incorporated  business  since it  is formed  on a corporation. Incorporating a business provides a liability  protection  and  considerable  tax advantages. The business can  move  on despite the death or bankruptcy of shareholders or  management. Moreover, it offers the best  means  of  expansion  and the provision of  outside  investors. Fossil Inc.  is under the ownership  of two brothers; Tom and Kosta Kartsotis who own about 30% of Fossil stock. In 1993, the Fossil Inc. sold 20% of the company to investors, but Tom retained 40.5% control over the  company  while his brother retained 18.8% ownership. According to Richardson (1), initial public offering of  stock  (public ownership) yielded $19 million, which Fossil Inc. used half of it to reduce the company’s  debt  and the other half to be kept as working capital. Additionally, in 1993, Fossil Inc. had  several  subsidiaries in Europe, led by Fossil Europe GmbH i.e. the company’s  primary  European  operation  in Germany. Other subsidiary companies of Fossil Inc. included Fossil Italia SRL and Fossil France SARL, which served as Fossil’s marketing, as well as distribution entities in those countries.  In addition, Fossil B.V., formed in 1993, stood as a company holding for the three European subsidiaries, where Texas-based Fossil Inc. controlled 70 per cent of the newly formed European holding Company (International Directory of Company Histories 1). In 1994, Fossil Inc. was able

Robert Adams Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Robert Adams - Research Paper Example Adams was very an adventurous young boy. He joined the boy scouts, and also participated in church activities at the Methodist church, where his family prayed. He loved playing baseball and aiding his father with his carpentry. He accompanied his father on nature walk, hikes and rafting expeditions at the Dinosaur National Monument Park. When in his teens, he worked at Rocky Mountain National Park in Colorado. During these years, Adams developed an interest in arts and began visiting the Denver Art Museum with his younger sister. In 1955, Adams joined the University of Colorado but only lasted a year before transferring to University of Redlands, Colorado. At the Redlands University, Adams met his wife Kerstin Mornestam and married her in 1960. He graduated with a B.A. in English in 1959. For his post graduate studies, he went to the University of Southern California where he received a Ph.D. in English. Adams began working as a teacher at the Colorado College in 1962. On the other hand, his photography began in 1963 after buying his first camera. He learned professional photography under Myron Wood, who was a professional then. During this time, he did photography as part-time activity but committed to it after the Museum of Modern Art bought four or his pieces. This was made possible by john Szarkowski, who was curator for the museum, and with whom Adams had met in New York. Some of the famous photographs by Robert Adams were the ‘East from Flagstaff Mountain’ in 1975, and ‘Burning Oil Sludge North of Denver’ in 1973. Some of his published books were; ‘The Architecture and Art of Early Hispanic Colorado’ and ‘White Churches of the Plains,’ published by Colorado Associated Press, Boulder, CO in 1974 and 1970 respectively. Pictures from his mid-career were displayed at the Philadelphia Museum of Art in 1989. The mastered works are displayed at the Yale University Art Gallery that put together ‘The Place We Live’. The Rencontres

Change Management Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Change Management Methods - Essay Example When an organization changes its overall strategy for success, adds or removes a major portion of its management or changes its management practice, the effect can be felt. It also occurs when an organization evolves through various life cycles, just like people must successfully evolve through various life cycles. â€Å"For organizations to develop, they often must undergo significant change at various points in their development. That's why the topic of organizational change and development has become widespread in communications about business, organizations, leadership, and management†.There are different types of organizational change, including planned and unplanned. Change management involves a considerable amount of planning and requires insightful implementation. And above all, the people who are affected by the change must be consulted and involved in the entire process. If you want to enforce a change one can usually find a lot of people related problems arising out of it. One must remember that the change must be achievable, measurable and realistic. Organization-wide change in corporations should involve the Board of Directors. Whether the members are closely involved in the process of change or not; they should at least be aware of the change project and monitor if the results are being achieved.Changes in management can be divided into two categories. One is based on individual change while the other is based on the organization. There a re few principles of change management.

Promotional techniques Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Promotional techniques - Coursework Example Section-A: Advertising and Design: 1. Target Market Profile: The products of MAC target a wide range of consumers that encompasses people of all age groups, cultural and economic backgrounds and gender. However, they accord significance to working with children and families. Therefore, their target market is quite wide and diversified and they will have to incorporate variety in their products and well as promotional techniques. On the other hand, due to their emphasis on children, youngsters and families, their strategies will also have to be devised to appeal to this segment of audience. Thus, while designing product promotion strategies and visual ad materials, they have to make sure that these things appeal to the whole range of their target market. 2. Product Differentiation: In the case of MAC, product differentiation is a key component for them to gain access to a wide variety of consumers whose spatial recognition, aesthetical perceptions and expectation of quality vary drast ically. Spatial recognition plays a major role in the case of art and evidence suggests that spatial differentiation leads to â€Å"greater product differentiation† (Datta & Sudhir 2012: 2). So far it relates to products such as arts and arts classes, the expectations of MAC’s audience vary drastically. ... Ads of this nature are highly effective not only in informing and educating the consumers but also to â€Å"manipulate and persuade† them (637). Taking into consideration the target audience of MAC, which encompasses people of all ages and backgrounds, above line ad can be an effective means to introduce and strengthen their brand as well as to create â€Å"favourite images† constantly in the minds of the consumers (637). As can be discerned from the Target Market Character Profile Assessment (CPA) sheet, a major portion of the consumers for MAC falls in category that views visual media at a higher rate. Thus, the most appropriate option for promoting their products is through television advertisement. This will enable them to access a large segment of the audience such as children and youngsters who are their main focus as well as adults including elders. The rate of consumption of TV of all categories of the target audience is quite high and hence TV ads will enable t he company to make their product to reach to almost hundred percent of the population. On the other hand, it is relevant that though it is primarily locality based, MAC belongs to the category of a tourist attraction and therefore their products have relevance to audience at national and international levels. Thus, ad campaigns through national television networks will enable the company to access an audience from the domestic market as well as those who come to England for business or tourism purposes. Another major above the line ad platform for this company could be the print media such as news papers and magazines. Ads in this media will enable them to access a major portion of the audience such as elder people, adults as well as

The Role That Statistics plays in the Healhcare Industry Essay

The Role That Statistics plays in the Healhcare Industry - Essay Example Various organizations use statistics to make decisions. Health information technology which is based on statistics is a very integral aspect of the health care organizations. For example, in healthcare organizations there are numerous reasons for collecting patients’ data and analyzing it. For instance statistics about activities that take place in the healthcare organization shows the details of the patients and how they have been attended to as well as the cost of the care. The details on patients care statistics and their performance can indicate quality of care offered to them. Most of the recognized organizations need data analysis system which is used as part of accreditation while many third party payers need facilities in collecting performance data. Healthcare administrators also require statistics in order to prioritize services needed and to establish where efficiency and effectiveness need to be increased. The healthcare facilities are as well interested in kind of patients they attend to in regard to their diagnosis. This is important in that it helps them maintain the top physician specialty mix required in the healthcare organizations. Moreover the government needs to maintain population statistics so as to establish the number of healthcare institutions needed. As a result the government establishes a health agency which is responsible for ensuring protection of the health of the country’s population. This helps in providing important information which help individuals come up with right healthcare decisions. It is important to recognize that health statistics provides information regarding the health of individuals. Therefore, every individual forms a part of some health statistics just like everyone has birth statistics. Healthcare statistics are also important in determining the percentage of population suffering from a certain disease hence the diseases prevalence as suggested by Plichta and Garzon (2008). This is important as it helps the government to plan for the healthcare budget which accommodates all individuals. Many healthcare organizations have tried to improve their quality of service and profitability simply because they have not considered application of statistics in their transformation. Those companies which have achieved these is through the application of statistical thinking in reducing process variation. The use of scientific approach in the analysis of data in any healthcare organization is an important element for improving quality of services. The scientific approach which employs statistics enables studying process variation and relationships via the objective use of data. As a result of this a technology termed as Statistical Process Control (SPC), has been applied in healthcare organizations as a way of understanding, improving and managing the quality of healthcare processes. The SPC helps the healthcare management to realize the performance and the ability of a certain process a ccording to Berger (2008). Control charts are used in healthcare organizations for complimenting healthcare institution epidemiology techniques through the provision of additional process information. Flowcharts are also used in defining and understanding patients’ status as well as redesigning the process of their treatment. An example of statistics collected in the healthcare situation is presented in table 1 below. One organization that relies heavily on statistics to accomplish its tasks and to make decisions is

Affordable care act Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Affordable care act - Assignment Example Some of the reasons that led to its failure were technical, and others were political. Political problems came about due to the presidential over-promising as well as radical political opposition that the project faced. The process used to choose companies that were supposed to create a website by the government was faced with fraudulent. This resulted to massive failure of the website that was intended to make it simple to apply and acquire insurance hence the process was not running the way it was supposed for everyone. The website was too slow, and people could get stuck throughout the process of application. The government should have solved this problem by invalidating the list of contractors who had been chosen through a fraudulent process and carry out transparency procurement process.Regardless of the problems officials of federal health proceeded with the designed rollout. The outcome was that the website went down shortly after many people tried to run the process. This fai lure was said to have been caused by the government over-reliance specific contractors for the technology work hence the process producing uninspiring outcomes. However, other people attributed the problem to be poor planning and implementation rather than contractors hired from private companies. In addition, companies that offered insurance services complained that they were getting incomplete information about customers. This led to suggestions that made Obama hire outside experts to try to help in fixing the website tribulations.

The Role That Statistics plays in the Healhcare Industry Essay

The Role That Statistics plays in the Healhcare Industry - Essay Example Various organizations use statistics to make decisions. Health information technology which is based on statistics is a very integral aspect of the health care organizations. For example, in healthcare organizations there are numerous reasons for collecting patients’ data and analyzing it. For instance statistics about activities that take place in the healthcare organization shows the details of the patients and how they have been attended to as well as the cost of the care. The details on patients care statistics and their performance can indicate quality of care offered to them. Most of the recognized organizations need data analysis system which is used as part of accreditation while many third party payers need facilities in collecting performance data. Healthcare administrators also require statistics in order to prioritize services needed and to establish where efficiency and effectiveness need to be increased. The healthcare facilities are as well interested in kind of patients they attend to in regard to their diagnosis. This is important in that it helps them maintain the top physician specialty mix required in the healthcare organizations. Moreover the government needs to maintain population statistics so as to establish the number of healthcare institutions needed. As a result the government establishes a health agency which is responsible for ensuring protection of the health of the country’s population. This helps in providing important information which help individuals come up with right healthcare decisions. It is important to recognize that health statistics provides information regarding the health of individuals. Therefore, every individual forms a part of some health statistics just like everyone has birth statistics. Healthcare statistics are also important in determining the percentage of population suffering from a certain disease hence the diseases prevalence as suggested by Plichta and Garzon (2008). This is important as it helps the government to plan for the healthcare budget which accommodates all individuals. Many healthcare organizations have tried to improve their quality of service and profitability simply because they have not considered application of statistics in their transformation. Those companies which have achieved these is through the application of statistical thinking in reducing process variation. The use of scientific approach in the analysis of data in any healthcare organization is an important element for improving quality of services. The scientific approach which employs statistics enables studying process variation and relationships via the objective use of data. As a result of this a technology termed as Statistical Process Control (SPC), has been applied in healthcare organizations as a way of understanding, improving and managing the quality of healthcare processes. The SPC helps the healthcare management to realize the performance and the ability of a certain process a ccording to Berger (2008). Control charts are used in healthcare organizations for complimenting healthcare institution epidemiology techniques through the provision of additional process information. Flowcharts are also used in defining and understanding patients’ status as well as redesigning the process of their treatment. An example of statistics collected in the healthcare situation is presented in table 1 below. One organization that relies heavily on statistics to accomplish its tasks and to make decisions is

Gary Paulsen’s novel Hatchet Essay Example for Free

Gary Paulsen’s novel Hatchet Essay In Gary Paulsen’s novel hatchet the protagonist Brian Robenson develops many new skills after his plane crashes into the Canadian wilderness. It is his ability to make a fire, build a shelter and make new tools that enable him to survive. During one of the nights when he was stuck in the Canadian wilderness a porcupine went into his shelter and he felt it he through the hatchet as a reaction which hit the rock and made a spark he woke up the next morning, remembering what had happened during the night, sparks, fire, I I can make a fire with my hatchet and the rock, it took a fair few tries but he eventually got it on the fire lasted till the day he got rescued, during all those days he was stuck out there â€Å"he had to keep hoping† because if he gave up he wouldn’t of gotten rescued and it could have ruined the book. After the crash it took him about a day to realize had to build a shelter this would help him survive it could maybe protect him from the wild animals and definitely protect him from the bad weather, he finds a rock/cave type thing and ends up having to re-build his shelter a few times due to animals wrecking it. Through the novel hatchet , Brian makes a couple of spears and catches all different animals, sometimes he ate the food raw or cooked it on the fire some of the time, it depended what it was, he ate the turtle eggs raw, but cooked the bird. When Brian is stuck in the Canadian wilderness he needs a fire and shelter and food to survive if he didn’t have them three things he would have only lasted a few days tops, he could of died of hyperthermia or starvation and he wouldn’t of been saved, and if he dies it would of ruined the book.

The Different Sources Of Finance And There Implications Finance Essay

The Different Sources Of Finance And There Implications Finance Essay The assignment attempts to explore the different sources of finance and its implicationIt describes how different structures and cultures affect the business performance of the organization. It identifies the cost of finance as a resource, budgeting and financing adequately. The application of investment appraisal technique and long term decisions. Shows the understanding of basis business and accounting terminology. Research Methods. Theoretical studies from different books and Handouts from our tutor. Personal academic knowledge about business finance.ACCA background. JS AND Co. medium sized retailer scenario. Sources of Finance Js and Co. must be very aware of the importance to use the appropriate sources of financing meeting the needs of your company. Sources of finance to business There are different sources of finance,namely : Short term finance- Trade credit Commercial banks -overdraft Fixed deposits for a period of 1 year or less Advances received from customers Various short-term provisions Operating lease. Medium term finance- Debentures/bonds Public deposits/fixed deposits for duration of three years Commercial banks Short term loans

Historical development of the atom :: essays research papers fc

The notion of the atom all stared about 450 BC when a Greek scholar starting think when can something break on more, when are the pieces at their smallest, this mans name was Leucippus. Leucippus also had pupil who also thought the same way as Leucippus, his name was Democritus. They developed there ideas and when Democritus died his theory summed up briefly was that everything in the world was made of tiny pieced that could not be broken up any more. That how the word atom was derived from the Greek work â€Å"atomos† meaning â€Å"unbreakable†. This was the start of the theory of atoms. The first time this theory was taught at a school was by Epicurus 306 BC which he established himself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The theory laid dormant for about 2 millenniums this was basically because it was all but forgotten, this was because it had no evidence, and it was only logic. One of the first people to show some evidence was Robert Boyle, an English chemist. In 1662 he conducted ‘Boyle’s experiment and compressed air in a ‘J’ tube with mercury, this opened up a whole new window.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This lead to new and old thought about different types of atoms, elements. The Greeks thought simular to this but only divided it up into four groups. Their theory was close to Boyle’s but Boyle had a more concise idea of these elements and by the end of the 1700’s they had discovered about 30 elements.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1972 Frenchman Antoine Laurent Lavoisier discover the no mater what happens a substance always has the same weight. In the late 1700’s another Frenchman, Proust, discovert that elements can be combined to make different compounds, and that certain proportions had to be used. This became know as â€Å"law of definite proportions†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A few years later an English chemist, John Dalton, a fan of Boyle worked on Proust’s theory and came up with â€Å"the law of multiple proportions†. Dalton soon came up with ‘weight’ theories of the atom a discovered that hydrogen was the lightest.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1813 Jons Jakob Berzelius created a system using the Latin words for the element to represent that element.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1860 the chemist of Europe had their first international Chemical Congress to discuss the matter. They theory that prevailed was Cannizzaro theory. John Thomson was born in 1856, and is recognised as the British scientist who discovered and identified the electron.

Review Of John Updikes Review it Was Sad :: essays research papers

Review of John Updike's Review "It Was Sad" I chose to review John Updike's Review â€Å"It Was Sad† from the October 14th issue of â€Å"The New Yorker†. In the review, Updike examines several works concerning the tragedy of the Titanic. He cites these works, I feel, to support his own opinion about the event, and the different accounts of what really happened. Updike spends some time disproving the belief that the upper class male passengers heroically sacrificed their own seats on the lifeboats for those less fortunate than themselves. He even points out, who he feels, are the real heroes in this catastrophe. This shows he is writing from a moral perspective, relating to these works. He definitely takes the position of the lower class of American society as this time in history, and even brings up the topic of racism and sexism in the recall of the event. It seems that the ships crew and the lower class passengers were the most courageous in the eventful two and half hours it took for the ship to totally go under. He provides quotes from the various selections, one being the statistics of death, by class. These statistics show that, in actuality, more of the upper class passengers survived than the lower classes (by both percentage, and total people). Updike also examines, in depth, the cultural effect of the sinking of the Titanic. The thought that a ship declared unsinkable going down on its first voyage was at the very least, shocking to the public. Who could look at invention and progress in the same way? Updike seems to point out that the public at this time is naive and quick to make idealistic judgments. He also refers to the passengers moral standpoints, describing the decisions they made not only during the ship's final hours but also during the whole trip. To further prove his point, he gives the testimony included in one of the books, concerning a Senator who heard the screaming of the suffering passengers but

Reading Strategies

Reading Strategies Worksheet †¢ How do you currently approach the weekly readings in the course? I approach the weekly readings with a lot of energy so that when I read the material it stays fresh in my mind. I also like to take notes as I read highlighting the main points in each paragraph. I approach my readings as if it were my job and take the information provided very seriously. I look at is as the tools to my trade and to not fully comprehend the text means that I can’t fully accomplish my goal of getting a degree. How might you incorporate three of the suggestions covered this week into your study time? I could incorporate some of the suggestions given to me by previewing my text. This could help tremendously because it helps you to get a view of what it is you are about to read and helps with recognizing things you already know. Another strategy is marking my textbook. This can help by letting me reference my notes rather than read through the entire material over again. One final strategy I could incorporate is readings in time blocks. This helps me to focus more on what I am reading so that I can keep the information I gain fresh in my mind. †¢ How might this plan help you accomplish your reading goals? This plan could help me accomplish my reading goals by helping me to focus and comprehend more. Also by increasing my reading level. This plan could help me to be more of a conscious reader and not just one who reads material and doesn’t retain any of the information. This can also be helpful by letting me skim over the text due to my note taking and mapping.

Philosophy of Fear

Philosophy of Fear In the pure state of nature, all humans are of equal mind and body, meaning that no one has a distinct advantage or disadvantage against another. The state of nature is also referred to as the state of war in which every man will fight and try to protect what they deem as theirs. Thomas Hobbes, a seventeenth century philosopher, described this as bellum omnium contra onmes, meaning the war of all against all. Due to everyone attempting to fight everyone else to stay alive in a pure state of nature, societies and civilizations cannot form.So is there a way to keep the peace and let mankind develop into its full potential? Hobbes uses an idea of giving up individual powers to one person or an assembly of men as in the form of sovereignty. The sovereignty will be able enforce the peace with unlimited power. The sovereignty acquires these powers as individuals give up particular freedoms. The extent of forfeited rights is to a level such as permitted by everyone in the society and the individuals must be tolerable of the sovereignty still possessing these rights.If individuals wanted to keep all of their given rights, then they would maintain rights to kill, steal, and lie. These are three severe issues when trying to form a peaceful world. If these rights are given up by individuals to sovereignty then a society can begin to form. Once the society begins to form the sovereignty will make decisions based on the best interest of the people that have joined together. For cultures to exist you need to not doubt every person’s actions and have faith that they will honor whatever contract they have agreed to.The sovereignty has a contract with the people to protect them and the people must keep the contract of giving up their rights to the sovereignty. The people also have a contract with each other to surrender the same rights to the sovereignty. Without this reliance on your fellow men, there can be no justice and therefore no morality in the society. The most important responsibility of the sovereignty is to make known the rules of the society so as the individuals understand what they may and may not do. If these laws are not in place then the society will fall back into a state of war because of the unavoidable fight over scarce resources.Hobbes’s main reason for giving up your rights to an authority is to escape the state of war. Because of the equality of man, where everyone is capable of killing another, there is no sense of security and you could be confronted at any point in time. These actions of people are not just for sin but for personal gain so without a government guiding the way, individuals will motivate themselves to do as they please no matter who it affects. This means that the sovereignty is there to lead the way and force people to act for the good of society and not just the good of themselves.An example of this would be if a person wanted to steal food from a grocery market the government w ould need to have a deterring force to stop the individual because losing that food means the whole society no longer has access to it but rather just the individual. The force used by the sovereignty is what keeps the contract, made by the individuals giving up their rights, from breaking. In a state of nature the fear of the other party not keeping up their end of the agreement is what keeps people from making said agreements but when you have a punishment from a higher authority it allows there to be a safety net.The sovereignty is there to maintain peace and penalize those looking to disturb this balance of power. Hobbes’s idea of a person with unlimited power is almost as if he is saying there should be living god among society. If this living god can do no wrong in individual’s eyes and maintains the peace among them, then society will not revert to a state of war. Hobbes uses this idea of fear to break through the state of nature and compel people to be peaceful within the society created. Only through fear comes peace and morality. Philosophy of Fear Philosophy of Fear In the pure state of nature, all humans are of equal mind and body, meaning that no one has a distinct advantage or disadvantage against another. The state of nature is also referred to as the state of war in which every man will fight and try to protect what they deem as theirs. Thomas Hobbes, a seventeenth century philosopher, described this as bellum omnium contra onmes, meaning the war of all against all. Due to everyone attempting to fight everyone else to stay alive in a pure state of nature, societies and civilizations cannot form.So is there a way to keep the peace and let mankind develop into its full potential? Hobbes uses an idea of giving up individual powers to one person or an assembly of men as in the form of sovereignty. The sovereignty will be able enforce the peace with unlimited power. The sovereignty acquires these powers as individuals give up particular freedoms. The extent of forfeited rights is to a level such as permitted by everyone in the society and the individuals must be tolerable of the sovereignty still possessing these rights.If individuals wanted to keep all of their given rights, then they would maintain rights to kill, steal, and lie. These are three severe issues when trying to form a peaceful world. If these rights are given up by individuals to sovereignty then a society can begin to form. Once the society begins to form the sovereignty will make decisions based on the best interest of the people that have joined together. For cultures to exist you need to not doubt every person’s actions and have faith that they will honor whatever contract they have agreed to.The sovereignty has a contract with the people to protect them and the people must keep the contract of giving up their rights to the sovereignty. The people also have a contract with each other to surrender the same rights to the sovereignty. Without this reliance on your fellow men, there can be no justice and therefore no morality in the society. The most important responsibility of the sovereignty is to make known the rules of the society so as the individuals understand what they may and may not do. If these laws are not in place then the society will fall back into a state of war because of the unavoidable fight over scarce resources.Hobbes’s main reason for giving up your rights to an authority is to escape the state of war. Because of the equality of man, where everyone is capable of killing another, there is no sense of security and you could be confronted at any point in time. These actions of people are not just for sin but for personal gain so without a government guiding the way, individuals will motivate themselves to do as they please no matter who it affects. This means that the sovereignty is there to lead the way and force people to act for the good of society and not just the good of themselves.An example of this would be if a person wanted to steal food from a grocery market the government w ould need to have a deterring force to stop the individual because losing that food means the whole society no longer has access to it but rather just the individual. The force used by the sovereignty is what keeps the contract, made by the individuals giving up their rights, from breaking. In a state of nature the fear of the other party not keeping up their end of the agreement is what keeps people from making said agreements but when you have a punishment from a higher authority it allows there to be a safety net.The sovereignty is there to maintain peace and penalize those looking to disturb this balance of power. Hobbes’s idea of a person with unlimited power is almost as if he is saying there should be living god among society. If this living god can do no wrong in individual’s eyes and maintains the peace among them, then society will not revert to a state of war. Hobbes uses this idea of fear to break through the state of nature and compel people to be peaceful within the society created. Only through fear comes peace and morality.

Economics Sba Essay

Title: An analysis into the involvement of adults in the financial sector. Purpose of Investigation The purposes of this research are: 1. To identify the association of adults with the formal sector of Tobago. 2. To determine the involvement of adults in the informal sector of Tobago. 3. To determine the factors affecting the involvement of adults in the financial sector. Methods of Investigations The primary source of information used in this project is: 1. Questionnaire. Thirty-one questionnaires were distributed to residents of Canaan. All the persons responding were eighteen and over. Limitations Faced Some limitations faced are: * Villagers misunderstanding some of the questions. * Villagers not taking the questionnaire seriously. * Locating responders to retrieve questionnaires was difficult since they were not known personally. Presentation of Data Factors Affecting Choice in Stock Market Frequency of Use of Stock Market Service Analysis and Interpretation of Data Description of Financial System in Trinidad and Tobago The financial system is a network of savers, investors and financial institutions that work together to ensure that savings are transferred to investors. The financial system consists of two sectors: formal and informal. The formal sector includes all the financial institutions that are regulated officially, such as, commercial banks, credit unions, central bank, stock exchange and insurance companies. The informal sector includes all financial activities that are not under official control, such as, sou sou, money lending. The functions of the Central Bank are: * maintaining the exchange rate of the local currency * solely authorizing the issuing of money * acting as treasurer to government; making payments and receiving taxes * acting as a banker to commercial banks by managing their banking systems * assisting commercial banks that are facing financial problems * assisting development of money markets A commercial bank is a financial institution that is engaged in money transmission services and is jointly owned by shareholders. In Tobago there are four commercial bank; First Citizens Bank, Scotiabank, Republic Bank and Royal Bank of Trinidad and Tobago. A credit union is a cooperative association whose members can obtain low-interest loans from their combined savings. There are nine credit unions in Tobago, these are; Lambeau Credit Union, Bethel Credit Union, Mt. Pleasant Credit Union, Thawe Credit Union, Whim Credit Union, Tunico Credit Union, Total Holdings Credit Union, Runnemede Credit Union and People’s Credit Union. The Trinidad and Tobago Unit Trust Corporation is a mutual company that dominates the mutual fund market in Trinidad and Tobago. There is a branch in Scarborough, Tobago. The Western Union Company is a financial services and communications company. There are several locations in Tobago, including in Crown Point, Scarborough and Canaan. An insurance company provides financial protection for property, life, health, etc., against contingencies, such as death, loss or damage. There are insurance companies in Tobago; ScotiaLife, Colonial Life Insurance Company, The Beacon and Guardian Life. A stock exchange is an organized market facilitating the purchase and sale of securities, operated by professional stockbrokers. The Trinidad and Tobago Stock Exchange is located in Port-of-Spain. Market Structure Market Structure refers to the type of competition faced by firms in an industry. The four main market structures are perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly and monopoly. | No. of Buyers and Sellers| Knowledge| Type of Product| Control of Price| Barriers to Entry| Perfect Competition| Many buyers and sellers| Perfect| Homogeneous| Price Taker| No barriers| Monopolistic competition| Many buyers and sellers| Imperfect| Differentiated| Price Setter| Low barriers| Oligopoly| Many buyers, few sellers| Imperfect| Homogeneous or differentiated| Price Setter| High barriers| Monopoly| Many buyers, one seller| Imperfect| Unique| Price Setter| Very high barriers| Banks in Trinidad and Tobago fall under an oligopolistic market because there are few sellers and many buyers. Credit unions are under a perfect competition market. Unit trust is a monopoly. Western union is an oligopoly. Insurance companies are oligopolies. The stock exchange is a monopoly. Participation of Adults in Canaan Village in the Formal Sector Banks Location was the largest factor in Canaan’s choice in banks at 24%, and customer service followed with 22%. Advertisements affected 16% of respondents, whereas 13% were influenced by friends. Both the respondents who chose at random and those who knew employees of banks earned 9% each. Unspecified reasons determined 5% of choices and age–group appeal impacted only 2%. Twenty-three adults in Canaan use banks; 13% use them rarely, 26% visit fortnightly, 30% monthly, and another 30% weekly. Stock Market Only three residents of Canaan are involved in the stock market, one influenced by friends, another chose at random and the third whose reason was unstated. Of the three residents who use the stock market, each used the service at different frequencies: rarely, monthly and another unspecified time span. Credit Unions Influence of friends determined 21% of residents of Canaan choice in credit union, indefinite reasons following with 17%. Respondents who decided at random earned 13%, those who chose based on knowing an employee earning the same. Customer service and location earned 12% each, advertisements affect 8% and age group only appealed to 4%. The majority of respondents, namely 35%, rarely use the services of a credit union. The second most common time span, monthly, made up 24%. 18% use credit unions annually, and 12% chose based on unspecified reasons. 6% use services weekly and another 6% fortnightly. Unit Trust Advertisements influence a quarter of Unit Trust members in the village of Canaan. Customer service, friends and unmentioned reasons affected 19% each and 18% of respondents were impacted by location, age group and knowing an employee equally. Of the Unit Trust members that reside in Canaan, 45% rarely use its services. Another 45% use it monthly, and approximately 10%, fortnightly. Insurance Companies Customer service influenced 24% of Canaan’s residents in terms of insurance companies, 19% were impacted by advertisements and age-appeal affected 14%. Respondents who knew employees made up 10%, and those whose reason was unspecified also formed 10%. Location and friends each earned 9%. 5% of choices were made at random. 40% of villagers who have insurance use it monthly and those that use it fortnightly, annually, and at unstipulated time intervals made up 20% of respondents each. Western Union Of the people who use Western Union/Money Gram in Canaan, an estimated 25%, were influenced by the customer service, 25% were affected by location and another 25% by arbitrary selection. Unstipulated reasons determined 17% of villager choices and 8% personally knew an employee. The most common frequency at which the services of Western Union/Money Gram were used was ‘monthly’, earning 44%. One quarter of the remaining 56% of respondents used services rarely, another quarter, annually, another weekly, and the final uses the services in an unstated time period. Findings 1. It has been found that 100% of the adults in Canaan that use services of the formal sector. 2. There was participation in the in informal sector. Â  3. The main factors affecting the involvement of residents of Canaan in the financial sector are location, influence of friends, customer service and location. 4. To identify the association of adults with the formal sector of Tobago. 5. To determine the involvement of adults in the informal sector of Tobago. 6. To determine the factors affecting the involvement of adults in the financial sector. Recommendations 1. One of the factors Institutions can appeal more to certain age groups.